The causal model of elite athletes' burnout based on athletes' perfectionism during the Covid-19: The mediating role of coaching style

Burnout encompassed a host of medical, psychological, emotional and performance-related issues that can always be affected by individual and coach factors in elite athletes;therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and burnout, mediated by perceived coaching style in the context of the Covid-19 epidemic. In this cross-sectional study, 258 elite athletes (M = 22.05 years, SD = 3.08;148 male) participated and completed scales of multidimensional perfectionism, athlete burnout and coaching style. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics by structural equation modeling .The results indicate that direct paths perfectionism to burnout, perfectionism to coaching style, coaching style to burnout, and indirect pathways to perfectionism to burnout were mediating by coaching style, significant. The results indicate that during the COVID 19 , athletes who are less able to organize performance standards and expectations of themselves and others, and who are more committed to meeting external demands, are at higher risk of burnout. One could develop coach-education programmes that challenge beliefs regarding the effectiveness of controlling coaching behaviors to reduce perfectionist tendencies and expectations in athletes. In doing so, one might curtail the risk of burnout in athlete during the COVID 19. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Trajectories of parental burnout in the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic

Objectives: The main objective of the study was to identify developmental trajectories of parental burnout during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The study was designed to assess whether changes in parental burnout were related to levels of perfectionism, sense of parental identity, and COVID‐related stress. Background: Parental burnout is a consequence of chronic stress associated with the role of a parent. However, little is still known about how parental burnout changes over time and which factors are responsible for it. Method: Parents (N = 376;67% women) aged 19 to 30 years (M = 26.85 years, SD = 2.52) participated in all three waves of a longitudinal study spanning 12 months. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to determine parental burnout change trajectories. The R3STEP procedure was used to analyze the relationship between developmental trajectories identified and the other variables studied. Results: Three different trajectories of parental burnout were identified: high and stable (7%), low and stable (63%), and average and increasing (30%). Trajectories were associated with perfectionistic concerns, a sense of parental identity, and COVID‐related stress. Conclusion: The results revealed that most parents did not experience changes in parental burnout during the first year of the pandemic. However, up to one third of parents may have experienced a significant increase in symptoms during the study period. Implications: The findings from this study may be applicable to planning support programs for emerging adult parents at risk of burnout. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Family Relations is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

The gendered effect of an overwork climate and high personal standards for work-home conflict during the pandemic

Although working from home and various other forms of flexible work are often presented as measures to strengthen work-life balance, research depicts a less optimistic picture. Previous research has shown that the impact of telework on work-home conflict is controversial, depending on various factors that are also frequently gender-specific. In this study, the authors evaluate and compare the effects of external expectations (i.e., an organizational overwork climate) and internal expectations (i.e., high personal standards) on changes in work-home conflict between working men and women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania. Both types of expectations were associated with difficulties reconciling work and private life. Due to their interactions with stereotypical gender roles, organizational expectations encouraging overtime work had a more pronounced effect on male employees. Results suggest that an overwork climate within organizations is a problem not only for employees' well-being but also poses a risk to gender equality in work and private life.

Perfectionism, Goal Orientation, and Emerging Adults' Identity Processing Styles

The current study explored the direct and interactive contributions of multidimensional measures of perfectionism and goal orientation in predicting patterns of identity-related self-processing for pre-COVID-19 and during-COVID-19 samples of traditional age (18–22 year old) emerging adult college students (N = 722). Regression models controlled for age, binary gender, and race, then tested the unique conditional effects and interactions between perfectionism and goal orientation in explaining variability in each of three identity processing styles. After controlling for multiple covariates and hypothesis tests, only a few effects were repeated between the two samples. Those results indicated that a growth-seeking goal orientation was predictive of an informational identity style whereas validation-seeking goal orientation was a significant predictor of diffuse-avoidant and normative identity processing styles. The overall findings suggested that fruitful targets for future intervention studies promoting healthy identity development during the college years might include reducing validation-seeking while strengthening growth-seeking motives. © 2023 Society for the Study of Emerging Adulthood and SAGE Publishing.

Triple threat: Physical symptoms, humiliation/rejection, and perfectionism as predictors or moderators of adolescent depression treatment outcomes

Depression continues to be one of the most prevalent and impactful mental health disorders for adolescents and has only increased during the COVID-19 pandemic (Glowinski & DAmelio, 2016;Mojtabai et al., 2016;Radhakrishnan et al., 2022). The effectiveness and efficacy of psychotherapy and pharmacological treatment of adolescent depression is well researched, but with mixed conclusions on comorbid anxiety's influence on depression treatment (Cummings et al., 2014;Garber & Weersing, 2010;Melton et al., 2016). The current study focuses on the impact of anxiety through physical symptoms, humiliation and rejection, and perfectionism as identified by the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) in depression treatment. Treatment of Adolescent Depression Study archival data is used (N = 439) (TADS Team, 2004). The following hypotheses were proposed: (1) a significant positive correlation exists between the MASC physical symptoms scores and the Physical Symptoms Checklist scores, (2) a significant negative correlation exists between the MASC humiliation and rejection scores and scores of items reflecting Social Anxiety on the Cognitive Triad Inventory for Children, (3) a significant positive correlation exists between the MASC perfectionism scores and DAS perfectionism scores, (4) these factors will moderate treatment such that those with higher factor scores will show poorer treatment outcomes than those with lower factor scores at weeks 12, 24, and 36, and (5) these subfactors will predict less improvement at week 12, 24, and36. Bivariate Pearson correlation coefficient analyses were conducted to identify relationships between the MASC factors and assessments. Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) scores for all 439 participants were predicted at week 12, 24, and 36, emulating previous research (Curry et al., 2006). General linear models were used for analyses of predictor and moderators. Findings indicate that the MASC factors are significantly correlated with other assessments measuring similar constructs. Physiological hyperarousal as measured by the MASC is indicated to be a predictor of higher CDRS-R scores at week 12, 24, and 36. Implications of this study call for use of the MASC in screening and increased awareness of physical symptoms at the beginning of treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Perfectionism and Eating Behavior in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a massive global health crisis leading to different reactions in people. Those reactions may be adaptive or not depending on situational or psychological processes. Disordered eating attitudes and behaviors are likely to be exacerbated by the pandemic through multiple pathways as suggested by Rodgers et al. (2020). Among the psychological variables that may have increased dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviors as a consequence of the social distancing and isolation, we looked at perfectionism. Perfectionism is a well-recognized risk and maintaining factor of eating-related symptoms and interact with stress increasing the probability of dysfunctional reactions (e.g., Wang and Li, 2017). The present study investigated the relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and eating behaviors by considering the mediating role of psychological distress. Data were collected from two countries (Italy and Spain) by means of an online survey. The samples included 465 (63.4% female) participants from Italy and 352 (68.5% female) from Spain. Participants completed the short form of the Hewitt and Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Lombardo et al., 2021) to assess self-oriented, other-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism, as well as the short form of Three Factors Eating Questionnaire (Karlsson et al., 2000) and the Italian version of Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (Bottesi et al., 2015), respectively used to assess restrictive, emotional and uncontrolled eating on one hand, and depression, anxiety and stress on the other. Multigroup analysis was performed to test the hypothesized model. Results showed that other-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism were indirectly related to most of the dysfunctional eating aspects through the mediation of psychological distress, and the pattern obtained was consistent in both countries. These findings evidence that the psychological distress potentially related to the COVID-19 disease mediates the negative impact of interpersonal perfectionism and the tendency to eat in response to negative emotions.

Perfectionism and internalized symptoms in university students: The mediating and moderating role of perceived social support

Psychological health among students was an important issue even before the Covid-19 crisis. University students are exposed to high levels of psychological stress. Among the dimensions studied with student psychological well-being, perfectionism is increasingly explored in the literature. While perfectionism can be adaptive, it can also be a source of vulnerability to stress when expectations and aspirations exceed the student's resources. Furthermore, the literature has repeatedly shown the role of social support in good psychological health. The present study investigates the mediating and moderating effects of social support on the relationship between perfectionism (self-oriented and socially prescribed) and internalizing symptoms (anxiety and depression) in university students. Longitudinal data were collected at three measurement times among 60 undergraduate students from the University of Montreal. First, correlational analyses showed that socially prescribed perfectionism was related to anxiety symptoms at Time 1 and Time 3, as well as to depressive symptoms at Time 1. Second, perceived social support was negatively associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Linear regression analyses did not show that self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism are associated with increased anxiety and depressive symptoms over time. Third, mediation analyses fail to show that social support mediates the relationship between perfectionism and students' internalized symptoms. Finally, moderation analyses fail to confirm the role of social support as a moderator of the relationship between perfectionism and symptoms of anxiety and depression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (French) La sante psychologique etudiante constituait deja un enjeu important avant meme l'avenement de la crise liee a la Covid-19. Les etudiants universitaires sont exposes a des niveaux de stress psychologique eleves. Parmi les dimensions etudiees en lien avec le bien-etre psychologique etudiant, le perfectionnisme est de plus en plus explore dans la litterature. Bien que le perfectionnisme puisse etre adaptatif, il peut aussi constituer un facteur de vulnerabilite au stress lorsque les attentes et les aspirations depassent les ressources de l'etudiant. Par ailleurs, la litterature a montre a plusieurs reprises le role du soutien social pour une bonne sante psychologique. La presente etude porte sur les effets mediateur et moderateur du soutien social sur la relation entre le perfectionnisme (oriente vers soi et prescrit socialement) et les symptomes interiorises (anxiete et depression) chez des etudiants universitaires. Des donnees longitudinales ont ete recueillies a trois temps de mesure aupres de 60 etudiants au baccalaureat a l'Universite de Montreal. Dans un premier temps, les analyses correlationnelles ont montre que le perfectionnisme prescrit socialement est lie aux symptomes anxieux au temps 1 et au temps 3, ainsi qu'aux symptomes depressifs au temps 1. Le soutien social percu est associe negativement aux symptomes anxieux et depressifs. Des analyses de regression lineaire n'ont pas montre que le perfectionnisme oriente vers soi et le perfectionnisme prescrit socialement sont associes a une augmentation des symptomes anxieux et depressifs a travers le temps. Des analyses de mediation ne permettent pas de montrer que le soutien social joue un role mediateur sur la relation entre le perfectionnisme et les symptomes interiorises des etudiants. Enfin, des analyses de moderation ne permettent pas de confirmer le role du soutien social comme moderateur du lien entre le perfectionnisme et les symptomes d'anxiete et de depression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement (French) Plusieurs etudes ont montre que les etudiants universitaires presentent des niveaux eleves de detresse psychologique (anxiete et depression);Le perfectionnisme est associe a des niveaux eleves de detresse psychologique chez les etudiants universitaires, surtout le perfectionnisme prescrit socialement (qui provient des autres);Les etudiants qui beneficient d'un bon soutien social montrent moins de symptomes de depression et d'anxiete. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

A narrative review of research on healthcare staff's burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: During the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, burnout emerges as a critical health problem that might involve workers in many occupations, particularly healthcare personnel. Although burnout syndrome is not necessarily proved to be nosologic, it yields serious physical, mental, and social outcomes. However, it is essential to provide practical strategies and effective instruments for people so that they can adapt to such highly stressful conditions. Objective(s): The present review was conducted to explore preliminary evidence for nature, treatment, and prevention of burnout among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method(s): Related English literatures published from the beginning of January 2020 to the end of September 2020 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google scholar databases. "Burnout," "COVID-19," "healthcare workers," "medical staff," and "pandemic" constituted the search terms. A narrative technique was implemented for material synthesis and creating a compelling and cohesive story. Result(s): Final results provided the burnout history and its major effects, causes, and prevalence among healthcare workers. Also, some strategies were listed to be employed by hospital medical staff and organizations to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion(s): Recent evidence demonstrated that healthcare staff could gain significant benefits from interventions to modify burnout syndrome, especially from organization-directed interventions. So, health policymakers and practitioners should adopt such interventions and develop context-specific approaches promoting a healthy workplace and averting burnout during the COVID-19 crisis. Copyright © The Author(s) 2022.

Trajectories of parental burnout in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic

Objectives: The main objective of the study was to identify developmental trajectories of parental burnout during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was designed to assess whether changes in parental burnout were related to levels of perfectionism, sense of parental identity, and COVID-related stress. Background: Parental burnout is a consequence of chronic stress associated with the role of a parent. However, little is still known about how parental burnout changes over time and which factors are responsible for it. Method: Parents (N = 376;67% women) aged 19 to 30 years (M = 26.85 years, SD = 2.52) participated in all three waves of a longitudinal study spanning 12 months. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to determine parental burnout change trajectories. The R3STEP procedure was used to analyze the relationship between developmental trajectories identified and the other variables studied. Results: Three different trajectories of parental burnout were identified: high and stable (7%), low and stable (63%), and average and increasing (30%). Trajectories were associated with perfectionistic concerns, a sense of parental identity, and COVID-related stress. Conclusion: The results revealed that most parents did not experience changes in parental burnout during the first year of the pandemic. However, up to one third of parents may have experienced a significant increase in symptoms during the study period.ImplicationsThe findings from this study may be applicable to planning support programs for emerging adult parents at risk of burnout.

Developing the HERO within: Evaluation of a brief intervention for increasing Psychological Capital (PsyCap) in Australian female students during the final year of school in the first year of COVID-19.

Academic stress is linked to adolescent distress and perfectionism during the final years at school, with girls being at greater risk. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was an additional stressor that impacted student learning on a global scale. The present study examines the effectiveness of an intervention targeting Psychological Capital (PsyCap), comprising hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism (HERO) to increase these HERO resources and assess its impact on mental health symptoms and subjective wellbeing outcomes among a cohort of Year 12 students (n = 82, Mage = 17.09, SD = 0.28, 99% identifying as female) from a girls school during the first year of the pandemic. Primary outcomes of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and flourishing and secondary outcomes of HERO variables and perfectionism were examined. There were no significant changes in primary outcomes. Significant changes in efficacy, optimism, omnibus PsyCap (HERO combined) and perfectionism were found at post-intervention. Findings indicate the intervention targeting HERO constructs may be promising for developing HERO capabilities in youth and reducing common areas of concern for students (e.g., perfectionism). Future research directions addressing limitations are discussed.

Perfectionistic Cognitions Pre-Pandemic Predict Greater Anxiety Symptoms During the Pandemic Among Emerging Adults: A Two-Wave Cross-Lagged Study.

This study employed a two-wave cross-lagged panel analysis to examine associations between perfectionistic cognitions, anxiety, and depression pre-pandemic to during the pandemic in a sample of 171 (57% female, n = 98) emerging adults. Results demonstrated that perfectionistic cognitions decreased, anxiety increased, and depressive symptoms did not change pre-pandemic to during the pandemic. Cross-lagged results indicated that pre-pandemic perfectionistic cognitions predicted higher levels of anxiety symptoms (but not depressive symptoms) during the pandemic after accounting for pre-pandemic levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms. These results held with the inclusion of covariates (i.e., sex, age, education, exposure to COVID-19, whether or not participants knew someone diagnosed with COVID-19, had lost income due to the pandemic, and how often they thought about COVID-19). Psychological distress (i.e., anxiety and depressive symptoms) pre-pandemic did not predict perfectionistic cognitions during the pandemic after accounting for pre-pandemic levels of perfectionistic cognitions. Results support assertions that individuals with heightened levels of perfectionism are at an increased risk for poorer mental health during the pandemic. Findings underscore the importance of assessing perfectionistic cognitions for the prevention and treatment of anxiety symptoms among emerging adults during and post-pandemic.

A REVIEW OF THE MENTAL HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF PERFECTIONISM AMONG STUDENTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATION RESEARCHERS AND PRACTITIONERS IN THE TIME OF COVID-19

Perfectionism is a vulnerability factor for different types of disorders. It is a cause of concern for educators and counselors in the academic setting, as perfectionistic university students have potentially become even more vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic. The diathesisstress model of perfectionism considers perfectionism as a risk factor that gets triggered in stressful situations. This article reviewed recent literature on perfectionism and mental health specifically among undergraduate university students. While the presented evidence confirmed the associations of perfectionism with mental health and maladjustment, findings also highlighted the adaptiveness of certain forms of perfectionism that can be beneficial to students. Moreover, the use of different measures of perfectionism in the literature and the presence of mediators and moderators are some of the factors that should be accounted for in interpreting the results of perfectionism studies. It is recommended that further studies be conducted on perfectionism and its correlates further, especially how it links with indicators of mental health in an academic context during the COVID-19 crisis. Recommendations for future agendas of researchers interested in perfectionism and mental health are presented. © 2022

The Effectiveness of the Digital Environment and Perfectionism on Anxiety and Depression in the Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Northern Iraq.

This investigation is intended to explore the effect of the digital environment as well as perfectionism during the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depression. The study used a mixed-methods design; a mixed research methodology was used regarding explanatory design by using a qualitative sub-sample from quantitative sample data. The researcher conducted the study on a sample of 980 students and non-students smartphone and internet users using both qualitative (self-reported) and quantitative (questionnaires) approach. Three different questionnaires were used: The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Beck Depression (BD), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BA). On the other hand, the researcher designed a self-reported interview for the qualitative part that included 5 major questions and 10 sub-questions. The gathered data were investigated using SPSS version 22 to analyze the collected data for this study, and simple descriptive statistics and coding were used. The results denote that the digital environment is significantly correlated with multidimensional perfectionism in a low positive manner for students. However, the correlation effects for non-students are significantly high as evidenced by a significant positive correlation. Another finding suggests that there is a positive significant association between perfectionism and being depressed and anxious.

Perfectionism, Resilience and Different Ways of Experiencing Sport during COVID-19 Confinement.

The relationship between sports practice and physical and mental health became an important issue during the COVID-19 pandemic, where keeping fit and exercising was one of the best and most popular ways to cope with the confinement situation. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between perfectionism and resilient resources with psychological well-being, differentiating sports category, gender and experience in a sample of athletes during confinement in different countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. An incidental and cross-sectional random sampling method was designed (n = 583). The sample was analysed with three different instruments, evaluating perfectionism, resilience and psychological well-being patterns and comparing three groups with different levels of practice due to confinement (full reduction, moderate reduction and only access restrictions). Results show that both male and senior athletes were more organized, resistant to changes and focused their attention and efforts on their demands and potential. They were stimulated by obstacles that required more effort compared to U23, who reported higher concerns and lower organisational scores. Athletes who completely interrupted their sports dynamics showed higher indicators of perfectionism and performed worse in resilience and well-being. Despite this, age and the variability of the athletes' experiences proved to be relevant factors in an athlete's trajectory, and continued to represent a certain degree of balance in the face of COVID-19.

The relationship between religious/spiritual perfectionism and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran

Introduction: The present study aimed to assess the association of religious/spiritual perfectionism and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 852 individuals in Iran from June 2021 to July 2021. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Spiritual/Religious Perfectionism Scale were used for data gathering. Results: Overall, 852 participants were included. The mean age of participants was 36.92±12.07 years, and 70.5% of participants were female. The levels of anxiety (mean ±SD, 8.10±4.91) and depression (mean ±SD, 8.34±6.56) were mild. The mean Spiritual/Religious perfectionism score was 52.20±14.89. The Depression coefficient was the strongest significant predictor for Spiritual/Religious perfectionism (P<0.001, β=-0.19). Moreover, this negative coefficient shows the negative relationship between depression and Spiritual/Religious perfectionism. Conclusion: The results showed that the levels of anxiety, depression, and Spiritual/Religious perfectionism were mild, and depression negatively correlated to Spiritual/Religious perfectionism during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Editorial

In this respect a roll call of some international anniversaries is a potent reminder. 2020 was the 75 th anniversary of the United Nations and the launch of the Nuremberg Tribunal. The UN is Ireland's primary reference point in international matters, and in 2020 the country secured a nonpermanent seat on the Security Council. 2020 also marked the 60th anniversary of Ireland's decision to contribute to the UN mission to the Congo, which established its unparalleled commitment to UN peacekeeping. 2020 was the 50th anniversary of the operationalisation of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NET) and the field remains a key agenda item of the UN. There is, therefore, a strong case for the enhancement and perfection of the innovative EU response, the Joint Procurement Agreement for the Procurement of Medical Countermeasures (JPA), to cope with future cross-border public health crises. In continuation of this negative assessment of the developed world, John Ryan is deeply critical of Boris Johnson's government's conduct of the Covid-19 public health crisis in the UK, an advanced Northern European country that possessed many advantages.

The Protective Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationship between Perfectionism and Burnout in Portuguese Medicine and Dentistry Students.

Recent studies have documented the high prevalence of burnout among medicine and dentistry students, with potentially catastrophic consequences for both students and patients. Both environmental and personality factors play a part in burnout; perfectionism, a common trait in medicine students' personalities, has been linked to psychological distress and increasing students' vulnerability to burnout. Self-compassion, i.e., treating oneself kindly through hardship, has recently emerged as a buffer between perfectionism and psychological distress. While using a novel three-factor conceptualization of perfectionism (BIG3), this study aims to analyze if self-compassion has a protective role in the relationship between perfectionism and burnout, in a sample of medicine and dentistry students, through mediation analysis. We found that self-compassion significantly mediated the relationship between all three forms of perfectionism and burnout: as a partial mediator in self-critical and rigid perfectionism, as well as a full mediator in narcissistic perfectionism. Our findings underline self-compassion's relevance in burnout prevention and management, supporting its use as an intervention target in burnout reduction programs and strategies.

Assessing changes to adolescent health-promoting behaviors following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-methods exploration of the role of within-person combinations of trait perfectionism.

The current work provides a multi-methods exploration of how within-person subtypes of self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) were related to shifts in health-promoting behaviors among adolescents following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Study One tested the 2 × 2 and tripartite models of perfectionism through a quantitative test of how such subtypes predicted changes in health behaviors pre-pandemic to intra-pandemic among 202 adolescents (M = 17.86, SD = 1.421). Results indicated that the combination of high SOP/high SPP was linked to the most maladaptive changes to health-promoting behaviors, supporting the tripartite model. Study Two aimed to contextualize these findings by analyzing semi-structured interviews with 31 adolescent self-identified perfectionists (M = 15.97, SD = 1.991) during the initial lockdown mandate. Results indicated that participants experienced a welcome break and found more time to engage in health-promoting behaviors. However, those high in SOP - regardless of their level of SPP - had more difficulty relaxing due to a resistance to relenting their perfectionistic standards. Altogether, these findings support the exacerbating role of SOP when combined with SPP posited by the tripartite model of perfectionism with respect to adolescents' health-promoting behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Factors Influencing Academic Self-Efficacy Among Nursing Students During COVID-19: A Path Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The shift to online learning owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is posing an additional challenge to academic success, particularly for students who speak English as a Second Language (ESL). This study aimed to examine the factors that contribute to academic self-efficacy among ESL nursing students. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study using path analysis with 113 undergraduate ESL nursing students in New York City. Data were collected online using self-report measures of the study variables: academic self-efficacy, perfectionistic concerns, acculturative stress, and e-learning stress. A hypothetical path model was tested using AMOS 26.0. RESULTS: Perfectionistic concerns and acculturative stress directly affected academic self-efficacy. Furthermore, perfectionistic concerns and e-learning stress indirectly affected academic self-efficacy via the acculturative stress path. DISCUSSION: Results indicate the importance of developing a multifaceted intervention that considers diverse cultural and psychological factors to help ESL nursing students enhance their academic self-efficacy in e-learning environments.